Vocalizaciones ultrasónicas: Nuevo paradigma para el registro de respuestas emocionales no aprendidas en animales.

Dotzenes Jornades de Foment de la Investigació de la FCHS (Any 2006-2007)El registro de la respuesta emocional en animales posee obvias limitaciones. Los paradigmas utilizados hasta la fecha se basan en el registro de respuestas indirectas en las cuales el componente motor tiene una gran implicación. Así por ejemplo en roedores, en las respuestas de miedo o aversión innata a las alturas o a espacios iluminados y abiertos se emplean laberintos elevados con zonas protegidas o abiertas y se registra el desplazamiento del animal a esos compartimentos controlando que los efectos motores sean mínimos o corrigiendo el efecto. Por esta razón el registro de una respuesta innata no limitada a la conducta motora general del animal resulta de gran relevancia en el estudio de la emoción. En ratas, se ha observado que en condiciones consideradas aversivas se genera un elevado nivel de vocalizaciones de baja frecuencia (20kHz), mientras que en las consideradas apetitivas aumentan las vocalizaciones de alta frecuencia (75kHz). En nuestro estudio, aplicamos estos parámetros a los efectos de una droga ansiolítica como el alcohol y a las vías de administración de la misma. Demostramos que una inyección periférica genera más vocalizaciones aversivas que la administración intracerebral. Así mismo comprobamos que los animales vocalizan menos en el rango de baja frecuencia cuando se les administra alcohol en relación a cuando se les administra el vehículo lo cual apunta a un efecto de reducción de efectos aversivos de esta dosis de alcohol

Detecting problematic beach widths for the recreational function along the Gulf of Valencia (Spain) from Landsat 8 subpixel shorelines

[EN] This work shows a continuous and regional monitoring of the beach width and how to link it with the recreational function of these spaces. Shorelines automatically derived from Landsat 8 satellite were employed for this purpose, covering up to 83 dates (2013¿2016) and 150¿km of beaches. The study included the microtidal beaches of the Gulf of Valencia, a strongly developed coast with intensive use in the Western Mediterranean. Beach widths were defined in alongshore coastal segments of 80-m length. Annual mean width and annual percentiles appeared as representative statistics of the beach state and the most unfavorable widths occurred throughout the year. Considering these statistical descriptors, beach segments were classified according to their adequacy to sustain a recreational function. The integration of descriptors of the beach width and use of the beach data on a regional scale offers a holistic approach to identify potentially problematic segments, crucial information for coastal managers.This study integrates findings and results obtained within the framework of the FPU15/04501 granted by the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports to Carlos Cabezas Rabadan, and by the funds of the research project RESETOCOAST (CGL2015-69906-R) supported by the Ministry of Economy, Industry, and Competitiveness. Authors acknowledge the USGS for providing free access to the Landsat imagery.Cabezas-Rabadán, C.; Pardo Pascual, JE.; Almonacid-Caballer, J.; Rodilla, M. (2019). Detecting problematic beach widths for the recreational function along the Gulf of Valencia (Spain) from Landsat 8 subpixel shorelines. Applied Geography. 110:1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2019.102047S11311

Psychological climate, sickness absence and gender

We examined whether the relationship between psychological climate and sickness absence is moderated by gender. We expected that this relationship would be stronger among men than among women. We tested this general hypothesis using two samples of men and women nurses (made up of 114 and 189 subjects, respectively). The results obtained supported our expectation. The three climate facets considered (support, goals orientation and rules orientation) showed a significant relationship with sickness absence in the men sample, but not in the women sample. Clima psicológico, absentismo y género. Se investigó si la relación entre clima psicológico y absentismo por enfermedad está moderada por el género de los empleados. Se esperaba que la relación fuera más fuerte en hombres que en mujeres. Esta hipótesis general se puso a prueba utilizando dos muestras de enfermeros/as formadas por 114 varones y 189 mujeres. Los resultados obtenidos respaldaron nuestra hipótesis general. Las tres dimensiones de clima consideradas (apoyo, orientación hacia objetivos y orientación hacia reglas) mostraron una relación estadísticamente significativa con absentismo en la muestra de varones, pero no en la de mujeres

TOSCA-based orchestration of complex clusters at the IaaS level

[EN] This paper describes the adoption and extension of the TOSCA standard by the INDIGO-DataCloud project for the definition and deployment of complex computing clusters together with the required support in both OpenStack and OpenNebula, carried out in close collaboration with industry partners such as IBM. Two examples of these clusters are described in this paper, the definition of an elastic computing cluster to support the Galaxy bioinformatics application where the nodes are dynamically added and removed from the cluster to adapt to the workload, and the definition of an scalable Apache Mesos cluster for the execution of batch jobs and support for long-running services. The coupling of TOSCA with Ansible Roles to perform automated installation has resulted in the definition of high-level, deterministic templates to provision complex computing clusters across different Cloud sites.The authors would like to thank the European Commission for the financial support for project INDIGO-DataCloud (RIA 653549)Caballer Fernández, M.; Donvito, G.; Moltó, G.; Rocha, R.; Velten, M. (2017). TOSCA-based orchestration of complex clusters at the IaaS level. Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Online). 898:1-8. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/898/8/082036S1889

Эмбрион человека как социально-правовой критерий оценки соответствия уровня нравственных норм, общественных отношений и социального устройства

HUMAN EMBRYO AS A SOCIO-LEGAL CRITERIA OF EVALUATION OF THE CORRESPONDENCE OF MORAL NORMS, SOCIAL RELATIONS AND SOCIAL STRUCTURE. Y. LITVINTSAVAРассматривается одна из основных актуальных проблем современности в рамках брачно-семейных отношений – феномен правового положения статуса эмбриона человека. Отмечается, что умеренные позиции в обществе относительно признания за человеческим эмбрионом права на жизнь значительно разнятся с современным законодательством, в котором, в сущности, отрицается данный факт. Показано, что пренебрежение человеческими правами на начальном внутриутробном периоде развития плода поспособствует формированию негативного отношения и к человеческой жизни в целом после его рождения. Выступая за фиксацию узаконенного статуса человеческого эмбриона, приходим к выводу о необходимости введения дополнений и преобразований различных отраслей законодательства в вопросе теоретического соотношения понятия «эмбрион человека» к терминам «члены семьи» или «близкие родственники». Для более углубленного понимания содержательной основы этих понятий на основе сравнительного анализа за критерий был взят законодательный опыт стран СНГ.= The legal status of the human embryo is one of the main challenges of the modern marriage and family relations. It should be noted that the moderate position in society towards the recognition of the right of the human embryo to life contradicts the current legislation, which denies this phenomenon. Consequently, the negligence of human rights at the early stage of fetal development will contribute to the formation of a negative attitude towards human life in general after birth. Advocating for the legalizatiоn of the human embryo status, the author comes to the conclusion that it is necessary to amend and transform various branches of law in terms of theoretical correlation between the concepts of the “human embryo” and “family members” or “close relatives”. In order to show a more profound meaning of the notions such as “family”, “close relatives” and “family members” the author has conducted comparative analysis of the legislative practice of the CIS countries. The results of the analysis of the foreign legal acts show that the value of the Belarusian termbase shall be improved in terms of theory

Multi-elastic Datacenters: Auto-scaled Virtual Clusters on Energy-Aware Physical Infrastructures

[EN] Computer clusters are widely used platforms to execute different computational workloads. Indeed, the advent of virtualization and Cloud computing has paved the way to deploy virtual elastic clusters on top of Cloud infrastructures, which are typically backed by physical computing clusters. In turn, the advances in Green computing have fostered the ability to dynamically power on the nodes of physical clusters as required. Therefore, this paper introduces an open-source framework to deploy elastic virtual clusters running on elastic physical clusters where the computing capabilities of the virtual clusters are dynamically changed to satisfy both the user application's computing requirements and to minimise the amount of energy consumed by the underlying physical cluster that supports an on-premises Cloud. For that, we integrate: i) an elasticity manager both at the infrastructure level (power management) and at the virtual infrastructure level (horizontal elasticity); ii) an automatic Virtual Machine (VM) consolidation agent that reduces the amount of powered on physical nodes using live migration and iii) a vertical elasticity manager to dynamically and transparently change the memory allocated to VMs, thus fostering enhanced consolidation. A case study based on real datasets executed on a production infrastructure is used to validate the proposed solution. The results show that a multi-elastic virtualized datacenter provides users with the ability to deploy customized scalable computing clusters while reducing its energy footprint.The results of this work have been partially supported by ATMOSPHERE (Adaptive, Trustworthy, Manageable, Orchestrated, Secure, Privacy-assuring Hybrid, Ecosystem for Resilient Cloud Computing), funded by the European Commission under the Cooperation Programme, Horizon 2020 grant agreement No 777154.Alfonso Laguna, CD.; Caballer Fernández, M.; Calatrava Arroyo, A.; Moltó, G.; Blanquer Espert, I. (2018). Multi-elastic Datacenters: Auto-scaled Virtual Clusters on Energy-Aware Physical Infrastructures. Journal of Grid Computing. 17(1):191-204. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10723-018-9449-zS191204171Buyya, R.: High Performance Cluster Computing: Architectures and Systems. 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Comput. 16(1), 3–15 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10586-011-0171-xDe Alfonso, C., Caballer, M., Hernández, V.: Efficient power management in high performance computer clusters. In: Proceedings of the 1st International Multi-conference on Innovative Developments in ICT, Proceedings of the International Conference on Green Computing 2010 (ICGreen 2010), 39–44 (2010)OpenNebula: OpenNebula Cloud Software https://opennebula.org/ . [Online; accessed 12-June-2017]OpenStack: OpenStack Cloud Software. http://openstack.org . [Online; accessed 12 June 2017]VMWare: VMWare vCenter Server. https://www.vmware.com/products/vcenter-server.html . [Online; accessed 12 June 2017]De Alfonso, C., Blanquer, I.: Automatic consolidation of virtual machines in on-premises cloud platforms. In: IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Cluster, Cloud and Grid Computing, pp 1070–1079 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1109/CCGRID.2017.128Chase, J.S., Irwin, D.E., Grit, L.E., Moore, J.D., Sprenkle, S.E.: Dynamic virtual clusters in a grid site manager. In: Proceedings of the 12th IEEE International Symposium on High Performance Distributed Computing, HPDC ’03, p 90. IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC (2003). http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=822087.823392Doelitzscher, F., Held, M., Reich, C., Sulistio, A.: Viteraas: Virtual cluster as a service. In: 2011 IEEE Third International Conference on Cloud Computing Technology and Science (CloudCom), pp 652–657 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1109/CloudCom.2011.101Wei, X., Wang, H., Li, H., Zou, L.: Dynamic deployment and management of elastic virtual clusters. In: 2011 Sixth Annual Chinagrid Conference (ChinaGrid), pp 35–41 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1109/ChinaGrid.2011.31de Assuncao, M.D., di Costanzo, A., Buyya, R.: Evaluating the cost-benefit of using cloud computing to extend the capacity of clusters. In: Proceedings of the 18th ACM International Symposium on High Performance Distributed Computing, HPDC ’09, pp 141–150. ACM, New York (2009). https://doi.org/10.1145/1551609.1551635 . http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1551609.1551635Marshall, P., Keahey, K., Freeman, T.: Elastic site: Using clouds to elastically extend site resources. In: 2010 10th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Cluster, Cloud and Grid Computing (CCGrid), pp 43–52 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1109/CCGRID.2010.80Niu, S., Zhai, J., Ma, X., Tang, X., Chen, W.: Cost-effective cloud hpc resource provisioning by building semi-elastic virtual clusters. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis, SC ’13, pp 56:1–56:12. ACM, New York (2013). https://doi.org/10.1145/2503210.2503236 . http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2503210.2503236Bialecki, A., Cafarella, M., Cutting, D., Omalley, O.: Hadoop: a framework for running applications on large clusters built of commodity hardware. Tech. rep. Apache Hadoop. http://hadoop.apache.org (2005)MIT: StarCluster Elastic Load Balancer. http://web.mit.edu/stardev/cluster/docs/0.92rc2/manual/load_balancer.htmlAppliance, C.C.S.: Creating elastic virtual clusters. http://cernvm.cern.ch/portal/elasticclusters (2015)Research project, T.G.: The games research project. http://www.green-datacenters.eu (2013)Cioara, T., Anghel, I., Salomie, I., Copil, G., Moldovan, D., Kipp, A.: Energy aware dynamic resource consolidation algorithm for virtualized service centers based on reinforcement learning. In: 2011 10th International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Computing (ISPDC), pp 163–169 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1109/ISPDC.2011.32Farahnakian, F., Liljeberg, P., Plosila, J.: Energy-efficient virtual machines consolidation in cloud data centers using reinforcement learning. In: 2014 22nd Euromicro International Conference on Parallel, Distributed and Network-Based Processing (PDP), pp 500–507 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1109/PDP.2014.109Masoumzadeh, S., Hlavacs, H.: Integrating vm selection criteria in distributed dynamic vm consolidation using fuzzy q-learning. In: 2013 9th International Conference on Network and Service Management (CNSM), pp 332–338 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1109/CNSM.2013.6727854Feller, E., Rilling, L., Morin, C.: Energy-aware ant colony based workload placement in clouds. In: 2011 12th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Grid Computing (GRID), pp 26–33 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1109/Grid.2011.13Pop, C.B., Anghel, I., Cioara, T., Salomie, I., Vartic, I.: A swarm-inspired data center consolidation methodology. In: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Web Intelligence, Mining and Semantics, WIMS ’12, pp 41:1–41:7. ACM, New York (2012). https://doi.org/10.1145/2254129.2254180Marzolla, M., Babaoglu, O., Panzieri, F.: Server consolidation in clouds through gossiping. In: Proceedings of the 2011 IEEE International Symposium on a World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks, WOWMOM ’11, pp 1–6. IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC (2011). https://doi.org/10.1109/WoWMoM.2011.5986483Ghafari, S., Fazeli, M., Patooghy, A., Rikhtechi, L.: Bee-mmt: A load balancing method for power consumption management in cloud computing. In: 2013 Sixth International Conference on Contemporary Computing (IC3), pp 76–80 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1109/IC3.2013.6612165Ajiro, Y., Tanaka, A.: Improving packing algorithms for server consolidation. In: International CMG Conference, pp. 399–406. Computer Measurement Group (2007)Verma, A., Ahuja, P., Neogi, A.: pmapper: power and migration cost aware application placement in virtualized systems. In: Proceedings of the 9th ACM/IFIP/USENIX International Conference on Middleware, Middleware ’08, pp 243–264. Springer, New York (2008)Beloglazov, A., Abawajy, J., Buyya, R.: Energy-aware resource allocation heuristics for efficient management of data centers for cloud computing. Future Gener. Comput. Syst. 28 (5), 755–768 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2011.04.017Guazzone, M., Anglano, C., Canonico, M.: Exploiting vm migration for the automated power and performance management of green cloud computing systems. 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Peripheral microcirculatory alterations are associated with the severity of acute respiratory distress syndrome in COVID-19 patients admitted to intermediate respiratory and intensive care units

COVID-19; Endothelial dysfunction; MicrocirculationCOVID-19; Disfunción endotelial; MicrocirculaciónCOVID-19; Disfunció endotelial; MicrocirculacióBackground COVID-19 is primarily a respiratory disease; however, there is also evidence that it causes endothelial damage in the microvasculature of several organs. The aim of the present study is to characterize in vivo the microvascular reactivity in peripheral skeletal muscle of severe COVID-19 patients. Methods This is a prospective observational study carried out in Spain, Mexico and Brazil. Healthy subjects and severe COVID-19 patients admitted to the intermediate respiratory (IRCU) and intensive care units (ICU) due to hypoxemia were studied. Local tissue/blood oxygen saturation (StO2) and local hemoglobin concentration (THC) were non-invasively measured on the forearm by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). A vascular occlusion test (VOT), a three-minute induced ischemia, was performed in order to obtain dynamic StO2 parameters: deoxygenation rate (DeO2), reoxygenation rate (ReO2), and hyperemic response (HAUC). In COVID-19 patients, the severity of ARDS was evaluated by the ratio between peripheral arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) and the fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) (SF ratio). Results Healthy controls (32) and COVID-19 patients (73) were studied. Baseline StO2 and THC did not differ between the two groups. Dynamic VOT-derived parameters were significantly impaired in COVID-19 patients showing lower metabolic rate (DeO2) and diminished endothelial reactivity. At enrollment, most COVID-19 patients were receiving invasive mechanical ventilation (MV) (53%) or high-flow nasal cannula support (32%). Patients on MV were also receiving sedative agents (100%) and vasopressors (29%). Baseline StO2 and DeO2 negatively correlated with SF ratio, while ReO2 showed a positive correlation with SF ratio. There were significant differences in baseline StO2 and ReO2 among the different ARDS groups according to SF ratio, but not among different respiratory support therapies. Conclusion Patients with severe COVID-19 show systemic microcirculatory alterations suggestive of endothelial dysfunction, and these alterations are associated with the severity of ARDS. Further evaluation is needed to determine whether these observations have prognostic implications. These results represent interim findings of the ongoing HEMOCOVID-19 trial. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04689477. Retrospectively registered 30 December 2020.The study has received funding from Fundació CELLEX Barcelona, Fundació Mir-Puig, Ajuntament de Barcelona, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (PHOTOMETABO, PID2019-106481RB-C31/10.13039/501100011033), the "Severo Ochoa" Programme for Centers of Excellence in R&D (CEX2019-000910-S), the Obra social “La Caixa” Foundation (LlumMedBcn), Generalitat de Catalunya (CERCA, AGAUR-2017-SGR-1380, RIS3CAT-001-P-001682 CECH), European Commission Horizon 2020 (FEDER, 688303/LUCA, 101016087/VASCOVID, 87114/LASERLAB-EUROPE V). We also acknowledge the collaboration and an instrument loan from Artinis (Netherlands)

Managing Workflows on top of a Cloud Computing Orchestrator for using heterogeneous environments on e-Science

[EN] Scientific workflows (SWFs) are widely used to model processes in e-Science. SWFs are executed by means of workflow management systems (WMSs), which orchestrate the workload on top of computing infrastructures. The advent of cloud computing infrastructures has opened the door of using on-demand infrastructures to complement or even replace local infrastructures. However, new issues have arisen, such as the integration of hybrid resources or the compromise between infrastructure reutilisation and elasticity. In this article, we present an ad hoc solution for managing workflows exploiting the capabilities of cloud orchestrators to deploy resources on demand according to the workload and to combine heterogeneous cloud providers (such as on-premise clouds and public clouds) and traditional infrastructures (clusters) to minimise costs and response time. The work does not propose yet another WMS but demonstrates the benefits of the integration of cloud orchestration when running complex workflows. The article shows several configuration experiments from a realistic comparative genomics workflow called Orthosearch, to migrate memory-intensive workload to public infrastructures while keeping other blocks of the experiment running locally. The article computes running time and cost suggesting best practices.This paper wants to acknowledge the support of the EUBrazilCC project, funded by the European Commission (STREP 614048) and the Brazilian MCT/CNPq N. 13/2012, for the use of its infrastructure. The authors would like also to thank the Spanish 'Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad' for the project 'Clusters Virtuales Elasticos y Migrables sobre Infraestructuras Cloud Hibridas' with reference TIN2013-44390-R.Carrión Collado, AA.; Caballer Fernández, M.; Blanquer Espert, I.; Kotowski, N.; Jardim, R.; Dávila, AMR. (2017). Managing Workflows on top of a Cloud Computing Orchestrator for using heterogeneous environments on e-Science. International Journal of Web and Grid Services. 13(4):375-402. doi:10.1504/IJWGS.2017.10003225S37540213

Reconstrucción del ligamento cruzado anterior con plastia mixta de semitendinoso y fibra de Kennedy-Lad

—Se han evaluado los resultados de la reconstrucción del ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA) con una plastia mixta de tendón del semitendinoso y fibra sintética de KennedyLAD en veinticinco pacientes con un mínimo de dos años de seguimiento postoperatorio (media de treinta y ocho meses). Se trataba en todos los casos de lesiones crónicas donde la cirugía consistió en la reconstrucción del LCA y meniscectomías parciales cuando fueron necesarias. La evaluación se llevó a cabo mediante pruebas funcionales (Lysholm) y clínicas (Marshall), pruebas de estabilidad manual (Lachman, pivot, cajón neutro anterior), medidas instrumentales de estabilidad con artrómetro (KT-1000), índice de actividad y apreciación subjetiva. Los datos indican que el comportamiento de la plastia es adecuado en el 92% de los casos proporcionando a los pacientes una función articular satisfactoria en su vida diaria incluyendo la actividad deportiva.The authors assess the results of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction by means of a semitendinous tendon and Kennedy LAD composite graft. Minimum followup has been two years (mean of thirty eight months). In every cases the lesion was considered as chronic and surgery consisted of ACL reconstruction and partial meniscectomy if neccessary. Studies performed to asses the results included: functional (Lysholm) and clinical (Marshall) tests, manual stability tests (Lachman, pivot-shift, neutral anterior drawer), instrumented stability measurement (KT-1000 arthrometer), activity score and subjective patient self-assessment. The data collected indicate that the performance of the composite graft is adequate in 92% of the cases, allowing the patients a satisfactory knee joint function in their daily life including sporting activities